The family Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)
was unknown from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) until Khan et al. (2018) recorded 7 genera (Aphelinoidea Girault, Oligosita Walker, Paracentrobia Howard, Pseudoligosita
Girault, Trichogramma Westwood, Ufens Girault, Xiphogramma Nowicki) for the first time and described the species, X. hayati. In this paper, the genus Tumidiclava Girault (1911) is recorded
for the first time from Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and three new species are
described in each of these genera as follows: Chaetostricha bukeriaensis
M.T. Khan & F.R. Khan, sp. nov., Oligosita missaq M.T. Khan & F.R.
Khan, sp. nov. and
T. unaizahensis
M.T. Khan & F.R. Khan, sp.
nov.
This study is based on the trichogrammatid specimens
collected from different locations of Saudi Arabia. The terminologies followed
were given by Doutt and Viggiani (1968), Gibson (1997) and Pinto (2006). The
body lengths are provided in millimeters measured with the help of an ocular
scale attached to an Olympus SZX16 stereo zoom binocular microscope at 10× Zoom
8 (one micrometer division= 0.0123) for the specimens mounted on cards.
Remaining all other measurements are in micrometer and are of body parts
mounted on slides, these measurements were taken with the help of an ocular
scale attached on a Nikon Eclipse 80i compound microscope at 400× magnification
(one micrometer division = 0.0025). The body colorations were recorded from
specimens mounted on cards before mounting them on slides. All images were
captured with a Leica DFC295 digital camera fitted on a Leica DM2500 compound
microscope.
The
following acronyms are used to denote various body parts: C1, C2, etc.= 1,
2, etc. antennal segment of clava; F1, F2 = 1, 2 of antennal funicle segments;
PLS = placoid sensilla; TI, TII etc.=1,
2, etc. tergite of gaster; acronym
for type depository: ZDAMU=Insect Collections, Department of Zoology, Aligarh
Muslim University, Aligarh, India.
C.
bukeriaensis M.T. Khan
& F.R. Khan, sp. nov.
Description
Female. Length, 0.49 mm. Frontovertex and head brown; face yellowish; gena brown. Mandibles brown. Antenna pale brown except
the pale yellow third apical of scape and apex of pedicel. Mesosoma alongwith pronotum brown, mesoscutum light brown,
scutellum, metanotum brown; propodeum brown. Wings
hyaline; faint infuscation from below marginal and stigmal veins to posterior
margin of fore wing. Fore leg brown, tarsi pale; mid and hind legs brown
except knees, tarsi and apical fourth hind tibia pale. Gaster
dark brown.
Head, as broad as high (12:12), in frontal view. Mandible (Fig. 1) tridentate. Antenna (Fig. 2) with scape 3× as long as broad; pedicel 1.6× as long as broad; 2 anelli present;
funicle two-segmented (F1 and F2), F1 short and appressed to base of F2,
funicle slightly broader than combined lengths of F1 and F2; clava 3-segmented
(C1, C2 and C3), 2.6× as long as broad; C3 longer than C1 and C2
individually; C1 with 2, C2 with 1, and C3 with 5 PLS. Relative measurements: head dorsal length, 5; (slide at 400×),
antenna, length (width): scape, 27 (9); pedicel, 16 (10); funicle 11 (12);
clava, 39 (15); lengths of C1, C2 and C3, 12:10:17.
Mesosoma (Fig. 4). Mesoscutum mid lobe 1.14× as broad as
long and with elongated reticulate
sculpture; scutellar sculpture similar to that of mesoscutum; propodeum medially 2× as long as metanotum. Fore wing (Fig. 3) with apex almost rounded, 1.77× as long as broad, moderately dense setae on disc arranged in rows; RS1
present with 8 setae, slightly curved away from cubitus; stigmal vein slightly
constricted at base, 3 long setae present on marginal vein and longer than the
collective lengths of premarginal and stigmal veins; 3 setae present at the
base of premarginal vein; fore wing marginal fringe short, 0.12× of wing width; hind wing 8.84× as long as broad, with marginal fringe 3.33×
wing width. Legs with dentition as shown in Fig. 6. Relative measurements: mesosoma length,
89; metanotum median length, 4; propodeum median length, 8; fore wing length
(width), 192 (108); length of marginal vein, 37; length of premarginal vein,
18; length of stigmal vein, 17; marginal fringe of fore wing length, 14; fore,
mid and hind tibiae lengths, 43:62:63.
Metasoma. Gaster (Fig. 5) longer than mesosoma, (140:89);
mesophragma reaching anterior TIII of gaster; ovipositor (Fig. 5) extending
from anterior TIV of gaster, hardly exserted and 1.61× as long as hind tibia; hypopygium reaching posterior TV of
gaster. Relative measurement: length
of ovipositor, 102.
Material
examined: Holotype,
♀ (on slide). KSA [KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA]: Al-Qassim, Bukeria,
10.iii.2018, coll. FR Khan (ZDAMU, registration No. HYM.CH.828).
Host:
Unknown.
Comments: The present
species is similar to C. fumipennis (Yousuf and Shafee
1988) and C. miridiphaga (Viggiani
1971) in the wing setation and basal infuscation of the fore wing and in the
shape of antenna. It differs from C.
fumipennis in the following characters: funicle subrectangular; fore wing
with marginal vein longer than premarginal and stigmal veins lengths together;
ovipositor extending from anterior tergite TIV of gaster, hardly exserted and
1.61× as long as hind tibia. In C. fumipennis: funicle subglobose; fore
wing with marginal vein shorter than collective lengths of premarginal and
stigmal veins; ovipositor extending from posterior tergite TII of gaster,
slightly exserted and 1.81× as long as hind tibia.
This new species also differs from C. miridiphaga in the
following characters: head dorsal width 2.4× as long as head dorsal length;
lengths of pedicle, anelli and funicle combined longer than scape; funicle
nearly rectangular; mesophragma restricted to anterior tergite TIII but not
reaching the middle of gaster; fore wing with marginal vein longer than
premarginal and stigmal veins lengths collectively; ovipositor hardly exserted.
In C. miridiphaga: head dorsal width about as long as head dorsal length;
length of pedicle, anelli and funicle combined as long as scape; funicle
subglobose; mesophragma extending middle of gaster; fore wing with marginal
vein shorter than collective lengths of premarginal and stigmal veins;
ovipositor slightly exserted.
Etymology:
The name of new species
after the locality of type ‘Bukeria’ from where the specimen was collected.
Oligosita
missaq M.T. Khan & F.R. Khan, sp. nov.
Description
Female. Length, 0.46–0.51 mm. Head dark
brown; eyes black. Mandibles brown, with dark brown tip. Antenna dark brown. Mesosoma dark brown
except the yellowish mesoscutum. Fore wing hyaline, with infuscated band
medially extending from anterior to posterior wing margins and a dark
infuscation below stigmal vein, also a light infuscation around base of
premarginal vein. Legs dark brown uniformly. Gaster dark
brown uniformly.
Antennal
toruli placed marginally above the base of lower margin of eye on head.
Tridentate mandibles (Fig. 7). Scape of antenna (Fig. 8) 3.37× as long as broad and 1.92× as long as pedicel; pedicel broad apically,
1.55× as long as broad; 1 anellus present;
funicle unsegmented, 0.87× as long as broad;
3-segmented clava (C1, C2 and C3), 1.66×
as long as broad; C3 with 2 rod-like sensillae
at apex. Relative measurements: (slide at 400×) antennal segments, length (width):
scape, 27 (8); pedicel, 14 (9); funicle 7 (8); clava, 25 (15).
Mesosoma (Fig. 10). Polygonal cells present at the mesoscutum mid lobe,
mesosoma about 0.92× as broad as long
and 1.95× as long as scutellum; mesoscutum mid lobe and scutellum each has a
pair of setae. Elongated reticulate striations present on propodeum, and it is
3.5× as long as metanotum medially. Fore wing (Fig. 9) 2.7× as long as broad, disc
with sparsely arranged setae; marginal vein longer than premarginal and stigmal
veins lengths together; marginal fringe long, 0.67× wing width.
Relative measurements: (slide at 400×): mid lobe of
mesoscutum, length (width), 39 (42); length of scutellum, 20; median length of
metanotum, 4; propodeum median length, 14; length (width) of fore wing, 184
(68); marginal vein length, 35; length of premarginal vein, 26; length of
stigmal vein, 7; marginal fringe of fore wing length, 46; fore, mid and hind
tibia lengths, 42:56:66.
Table 1: Characters to distinguish the new species from known species
Genera |
Species |
Characters |
|||
Head |
Antennal
structure |
Fore wing |
Gaster and ovipositor/ male genitalia |
||
Chaetostricha |
C. bukeriaensis spp. nov. |
head dorsal width 2.4× as long as head dorsal length |
funicle subrectangular; lengths of pedicle, anelli and funicle combined
longer than scape |
fore wing with marginal vein longer than premarginal and stigmal veins
lengths together |
ovipositor extending from anterior tergite
TIV of gaster, hardly exserted
|
C. fumipennis |
head dorsal width slightly shorter than head dorsal
length |
funicle subglobose; lengths of pedicle, anelli and funicle combined
longer than scape |
fore wing with marginal vein shorter than collective
lengths of premarginal and stigmal
veins |
ovipositor extending from posterior tergite TII of gaster, slightly
exserted |
|
C. miridiphaga |
head dorsal
width about as long as head dorsal length |
funicle subglobose lengths of pedicle, anelli
and funicle combined as long as scape |
fore wing with marginal vein shorter than collective
lengths of premarginal and stigmal
veins |
ovipositor
extending from 5/7th of gaster and
slightly exserted |
|
Oligosita |
O. missaq spp. nov |
|
antenna with scape 1.92× as long as pedicel |
fore wing 2.7× as long as broad; a broad infuscated band medially extending from anterior to
posterior margins of fore wing |
male genitalia anteriorly expanded |
O. japonica |
|
scape 1.5x as long as pedicel |
fore wing about 3× as long as broad; infuscated band below stigmal
vein at fore wing |
male genitalia not expanded |
|
Tumidiclava |
T. unaizahensis spp. nov. |
|
antennal clava with C3 with
4 PLS |
fore wing without basal infuscation
and disc sparsely setose |
ovipositor 1.13× as long as hind tibia |
T. subcaudata |
|
antennal clava with C3 with
7 PLS |
fore wing with basal infuscation
and disc densely setose |
ovipositor 1.8× as long as hind tibia |
Metasoma (Fig. 11). Gaster longer than mesosoma, (140:85); mesophragma reaching
posterior tergite TII of gaster; ovipositor (Fig. 11) extending from TIII of
gaster and not exserted, 1.42× as
long as hind tibia; hypopygium extending not beyond the apical part of gaster.
Relative measurement: Ovipositor length, 94.
Male. Length,
0.52 mm. Similar to female; antenna with scape, 2.77× as long as broad; pedicle
1.5× as long as broad; funicle a little longer than broad; clava 2.55× as long as broad;
fore wing (Fig. 12) hyaline, sparsely arranged setae on fore wing disc, 3.06×
as long as broad; marginal fringe long, 0.78× wing width; hind wing 11.6× as
long as broad; male genitalia almost tubular (Fig. 13), anteriorly expanded,
apodemes absent; 0.51× as long as hind tibia.
Fig. 1–6: Chaetostricha bukeriaensis
sp. nov., female: 1, mandible; 2, antenna; 3, fore wing;
4, mesosoma;
5, body; 6, fore leg showing dentition
Fig. 7–13: Oligosita missaq sp. nov., female: 7, mandible; 8, antenna;
9, fore wing; 10, mesosoma; 11, metasoma. Male: 12, fore wing; 13, male genitalia
Fig. 14–20: Tumidiclava unaizahensis
sp. nov., female. 14, mandible; 15, antenna; 16, fore wing; 17, mesosoma; 18,
antenna; 19, body. Male: 20, male genitalia
Material
examined: Holotype, ♀
(on slide). KSA: Al-Qassim, Bukeria, 24.xi.2018, coll. FR Khan (ZDAMU,
registration No. HYM.CH.817).
Paratypes, 2
♀ (on slides). KSA: Al-Qassim, Buraidah, Melida, 6.xi.2012,
Coll. F.R. Khan; 1 ♂ (on slide). KSA: Al-Qassim, Bukeria, 15.xi.2012,
coll. FR Khan, (ZDAMU, HYM.CH.817).
Host:
Unknown.
Comments:
Oligosita missaq sp. nov. is similar to O. japonica Yashiro (1979) in the structure of fore wing but varies
from it in the following characters: antenna with scape 1.92× as long as
pedicel, fore wing 2.7× as long as broad; a broad infuscated band medially
extending from anterior to posterior margins of fore wing; male genitalia
anteriorly expanded. In O. japonica;
scape 1.5x as long as pedicel; fore wing about 3× as long as broad; infuscated
band below stigmal vein at fore wing; male genitalia not expanded.
Etymology:
The name of this new species O.
missaq is an anagram of Qassim, the
province from where the specimens were collected.
Genus Tumidiclava Girault
Diagnosis
Female.
Antennal formula, 1,1, (2), 0, 3; funicle absent; a rod-like sensilla
at apex in the apical claval segment; mesoscutum mid-lobe and scutellum each
with 2 pairs (2+2) of setae; propodeum length equals to metanotum; fore wing
with short stigmal vein, disc sparsely setose, setae scattered; marginal vein
longer than premarginal vein. Gaster with short ovipositor,
hardly exserted.
Male. Antennal formula 1, 1, (2), 0, 4; funicle absent; clava without
apical sensilla. Genitalia digiti and denticles absent; apodemes
present; aedeagus apically bifurcated.
Species: 20 species worldwide (Noyes 2019).
Hosts: Coleoptera: Attelabidae (Yousuf and Shafee 1988).
Lepidoptera: Cossidae (Lim and Pan 1979; Pan and Lim 1980), Pyralidae
(Scheibelreiter 1976), Noctuidae (Scheibelreiter 1980).
Distribution: Cosmopolitan.
T. unaizahensis M.T. Khan & F.R. Khan, sp. nov.
Description
Female. Length, 0.55 mm. Head brown
uniformly. Mandible dark brown. Eyes and ocelli red. Antennae yellowish except
the brown clava in apical half. Mesosoma brown except for the
medially pale brown scutum. Fore wing hyaline. Legs
including coxae brown, pale yellow trochanters; pale brown femora, tibiae and
tarsi. Metasoma uniformly brown.
Head. Mandible (Fig. 14) tridentate.
Antenna (Fig. 15) with scape 3.62–3.75× as long as broad; conical pedicel, 1.8–1.9× as long as broad; 2 anelli present, second anellus closely appressed into
the base of C1; 3-segmented clava (C1, C2 and C3), 2.53–2.85× as long as broad; C3 twice longer than collective lengths of C1 and C2
and with 4 PLS. Relative
measurements: head dorsal length, 4; antennal
segments length (width), scape, 29 (8); pedicel, 18 (10); clava, 38 (15);
lengths of C1, C2 and C3, 4:8:25.
Mesosoma
(Fig 17). Mesoscutum mid lobe 1.17× as broad as long and with
polygonal cells anteriorly; cells broadly elongate except medially with cells
narrower; propodeum medially a little longer than metanotum. Fore wing (Fig. 16), 2.04–2.17× as long as broad,
sparsely arranged setae on fore wing disc, setae not arranged in rows; short
stigmal vein, marginal vein broad at apex; fore wing marginal fringe short,
0.07× wing of width; hind wing 10.4× as long as broad. Relative measurements: length of
mesosoma, 78; length (width) of mid lobe of mesoscutum 35 (41); median length
of metanotum, 4; propodeum median length, 7; fore wing length (width): 200
(92); marginal vein length, 15; premarginal vein length, 10; length of stigmal
vein, 5; marginal fringe length, 7; hind wing length (width), 156 (15); fore,
mid and hind tibiae lengths, 41:50:60.
Metasoma. Gaster (Fig. 19) longer than mesosoma, (145:78); ovipositor (Fig.
19) extending from TIV of gaster, 1.13–1.22× as long as hind tibia. Relative measurement: ovipositor length,
68.
Male. Length, 0.52 mm. Body with antenna, mesosoma, legs and gaster yellow
except the brown tarsal claws; eyes and ocelli red; antenna (Fig. 18) with
scape, 3.37× as long as broad, pedicel 1.7× as long as broad, clava 4-segmented
(C1, C2, C3, C4) with C3 longest; fore wing hyaline, marginal fringe short,
sparsely arranged setae on fore wing disc; male genitalia (Fig. 20) 1.19× as
long as hind tibia.
Material
examined: Holotype, ♀ (on slide).
SAUDI ARABIA: Al Qassim, Unaizah, 30.v.2013, coll. FR Khan (ZDAMU, registration
No. HYM.CH.816).
Paratypes. 1 ♀,
1 ♂ (on slides), same data as holotype. (ZDAMU, HYM.CH.816).
Host:
Unknown.
Comments:
This species is similar to T. subcaudata Nowicki (1936),
but differs from it in the following characters: antennal clava with C3 with 4
PLS; fore wing without basal infuscation and disc sparsely setose; ovipositor
1.13× as long as hind tibia. In T.
subcaudata: antennal clava with C3 with 7 PLS; fore wing with basal
infuscation and disc densely setose; ovipositor 1.8× as long as hind tibia.
Etymology:
This new species name was based on the type locality ‘Unaizah’ from
where the specimens were collected.
The findings of three new species in the present paper
enriched the faunal diversity of family Trichogrammatidae from Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia. With the description of these three new species the total number of
described species from the KSA now are four, though a small number as compared
to the more than 1012 described species around the globe (Noyes 2019). The
systematic and faunistic studies on this important
group of eco-friendly parasitoids should be conducted on priority basis for the
exploration of new and known species and their incorporation in integrated pest
management for long-term sustainability of the ecosystem.
The valuable guidance and suggestions provided by Prof.
Mohammad Hayat, Department of Zoology, AMU, Aligarh, are acknowledged
gratefully, as well as we thankfully appreciate the research facilities that we
received during the pursuit of this study from the Chairman of Department of
Zoology, AMU, Aligarh. FRK and SSH extend their sincere gratitude to Professor
Mohammad Aldeghairi, Dean, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences,
Qassim University for providing facilities of insect collection.
MTK prepared the material for study, identified specimens, took the photographs,
and prepared the manuscript. FRK collected the specimens and helped in the
identification and preparation of manuscript. SSA and X-XC helped in the
identification and preparation of manuscript.
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